ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the distribution and changes of microorganisms on the skin of submariners under a chronically closed environment , and provide reference for targeted medical support .Methods One hundred and twenty-two samples were collected using swab.After culture and isolation, the microbes were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS) .Results A total of 52 types of 229 bacteria and 2 types of fungi were isolated . Major opportunistic pathogens included Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae, while major dwelling bacteria included Micrococcus luteus, Oslo Mora bacteria, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Serratia marcescens.Compared with the early period of the task, major opportunistic pathogens and dwelling bacteria were significantly increased in the middle and late period of the task .Conclusion The skin microbes of the submariners are investigated , targeted drugs need to be prepared for daily medical support and war trauma .
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish the reference intervals of hemoglobin A 1c( HbA1c ) and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) in the first and second trimester of pregnancy in Chongqing , and to evaluate the viability of the combination of HbA 1c and FPG in screening gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods The study retrospectively selected the pregnant women seen at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Daping Hospital between September 2014 and August 2015.The results of FPG during 10-13 pregnant weeks and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) and HbA1c during 24-28 pregnant weeks were available.Totally 185 cases were assigned into GDM group , and 269 cases were assigned into normal group based on the American Diabetes Association ( ADA) guidelines.Reference intervals of HbA 1c and FPG in normal pregnant woman were developed .The difference of HbA 1c , FPG and OGTT results between two groups was analyzed.T-student test, NcMemar test,signed rank sum test, ROC curve were used for statistical analysis.Results The reference intervals of HbA 1c and FPG in first and second trimester were 4.58%-5.52%,4.21-5.49 mmol/L and 4.03-5.08 mmol/L.The FPG level in first and second trimester and HbA 1c level in GDM group vs normal group were(5.06 ±0.37) vs(4.85 ±0.32)mmol/L(t=6.569,P=0.000), 5.23(5.11,5.4) vs 4.74(4.54,4.91) mmol/L(z=-14.31,P=0.000)and 5.3(5.1,5.4)% vs 5.2(5.0, 5.3)%( z=-5.79,P=0.000) respectively.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) of HbA1c , and FPG in first and second trimester was 0.655, 0.659 and 0.890 respectively.When the cut-off value of HbA1c was 5.35%, the AUC of the combination of HbA 1c and FPG in second trimester was 0.898, the sensitivity was 0.838,and the specificity was 0.859.The kappa coefficient for identifying GDM between OGTT and the combined method was 0.692(P=0.000).Conclusion HbA1c combined with FPG is of some value in screening GDM.